Foligno is one of the very few Umbrian cities built in the plain. It rises up on the banks of Topino river where the river erupts into the valley in an area where extensive drainage of the large swamplands took place, first during Roman times, then during the 15th and 16th centuries, and finally in the 19th century.
The ancient small town of Roman origin called Bevagna is to be found on the western fringe of the Foligno plain, at the foot of the group of hills where Montefalco rises up and near the loop of the river Timia.
Montefalco, which is placed in a dominating position looking down on the valleys of the Topino and the Clitunno rivers, offers the viewer of a sweeping panorama of the Umbrian countryside.
Spello rises up between Assisi and Foligno, situated on a spur of the Subasio Mountain above a fertile and well-irrigated plain.
As with the the greater part of the medieval towns in this area, Trevi rises up on a hill dominating the plain where the river Clitunno flows, between Foligno and Spoleto.
The ancient and mighty castle of Gualdo Cattaneo rises up on the north-western fringe of a territory which was subject to the politics of the city of Spoleto and because of this, was fought over for a long period by the cities of Foligno and the already named Spoleto.
Famed for its mineral waters, Nocera Umbra is a town with a very old appearance which has sprung up along the valley of the Topino river.
Sellano, situated in the valley of the stream Vigi, a right-hand tributary of the Nera river, was founded in around 84 B.C. by the Romans.
As seems evident from a toponymical analysis of its name, Valtopina, which, in ancient times was perhaps called "Cerqua", springs up along the valley of the Topino river between Foligno and Nocera Umbra.
